The electric vehicles are powered either by a collector system through electricity from charging station deployments or can be charged by selfcharging devices such. From farthest to closest, a nissan leaf, a smart ed, and a mitsubishi i miev. Index terms electric vehicles, electric motor drive, electric motors, fossil fuel, propulsion. For purposes of this strategy, zevs only include those vehicles that emit no exhaust from vehicle sources of power. What different types of electric car are available. Different types of motors used in electric vehicles. These types of batteries were originally used in early electric vehicles such as general motors ev1. Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles by mehrdad ehsani et al. An electric vehicle ev is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.
Types of electric vehicles mos there are four types of electric vehicles, and while each has advantages and disadvantages, they all save on fuel and emit fewer greenhouse gas emissions than vehicles that burn fossil fuels only. A fuel cell hybrid electric always has a series configuration. Aevs include battery electric vehicles bevs and fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs. In control of electric vehicle, the control obje ctive is the torque of the driving machine. This is distinct from hybrid electric vehicles hevs, which supplement an internal combustion engine with battery poweroften charged. While lightduty passenger vehicles are a key nearterm opportunity, this strategy also recognizes the potential for medium and heavyduty vehicles and equipment in applications such as transit, freight, and construction. Allelectric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles are charged by plugging the vehicle in to an electric power. The term electric car, also known as an ev electric vehicle, refer to any vehicle that derives all or part of its power from electricity supplied by the electric grid.
We assume that all rangeextender and fully electric vehicles will have lithiumion batter ies, as will some 70 percent of the hy brids sold. A gasolineelectric hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. Hence, concluding with the classification of specific motor drives best suited for certain characteristics. The most common type of hybrid vehicle is the gasoline electric hybrid. The different types of electric tractions mainly include electric trains, buses, trolleys, trams, and solarpowered vehicles inbuilt with battery. Comparative evaluation of different electric vehicle market cost. Annual t contents page contents iv report structure vi a.
Electric vehicle sales in worlds eight largest markets, by type. Electric vehicle market size, share, analysis, growth by 2027. A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to provide motive power. Pdf electric vehicle pdf download basics of electric. However, in the event, most of the cars found in this list as of early march 2020 are not actually currently available. Learn more from this helpful video from the energy saving trust, narrated by. Learn more from this helpful video from the energy saving trust, narrated by robert llewellyn. What is electric vehicle types of electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles hevs hevs are powered by both petrol and electricity. It focuses upon electric passenger vehicles, explaining the different types that are now available on the market, how each type works, and their respective advantages and disadvantages. The beginners guide to electric vehicles ev plug in bc. Pdf overview of electric vehicle concept and power. In hybrid electric vehicle the engine is the final source of the energy used to power the car.
Pdf power management in electric vehicle has been revolutionized since the old power. The second type is the hybrid electric vehicle hev that uses. We constructed a simple financial model to compare the net present cost, over a tenyear lifetime, of a chevrolet volt phev, chevrolet bolt bev and a comparable ice, the chevrolet impala. Hungary and the united states, who invented the first smallscale models of electric vehicles. In our listing, the range is from most to least amount of fossilfuel used in. This list article has been poorly maintained since, at least, 2016. The very first functioning electric vehicle was developed d around 1832 by the british inventor robert anderson matulka, 2014. Electrical drives are extensively used in the huge number of domestic as well as industrial applications which includes motors, transportation systems, factories, textile mills, pumps, fans, robots, etc. List of electric cars currently available wikipedia. They also recharge their batteries through regenerative braking.
It is not usually possible to recharge this battery remotely, but it is recharged by the vehicle itself whilst the car is in motion. Desired output characteristicsc of electric motor drives in evs ev drives versus industrial drives. May 30, 2019 here we are presenting a document electric vehicle pdf that explains the basics of electric vehicles. About iahev 1 chairmans message 1 2 the iea and its implementing agreement on hybrid and electric vehicles 14 b. Electricity means that a battery sometimes assisted by ultracaps is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor from now on called motor will be used as traction motor. However, they are now considered to be obsolete with regards to their uses as the main source of energy storage in bevs. In addition to charging from the electrical grid, both types are charged in part by regenerative braking, which generates electricity from some of. Battery electric vehicles, bev, evs, hevs, bhevs evgo. Ministry of heavy industries and public enterprises, govt.
Sep 10, 2016 traditional hybrid vehicles are vehicles with a normal internal combustion engine and an electric battery. The rotor and stator windings are connected in parallel. Gms new electric drive module in the 2014 spark ev features a gmdesignedandmanufactured 120kw permanent magnet traction motor visible on the left side and smart use of key carryover components from volt and the twomode hybrid transmission. The ice, the generator and the electric motor are dimensioned to handle the full power of the vehicle. This study tries to gain insight in the battery types suitable for electric vehicles and the development of advanced batteries the coming decade. Several types of electric vehicles are becoming available in ireland, broadly they fall into three categories. You may read the blog posts related to electric vehicle charging. Pdf types of motors used in electric vehicles nikos. So, even with coal electric power plants at about 40% efficiency, electric vehicles times coal efficiency yields about 36% efficiency, which is better than gasoline vehicles and about the same as diesel vehicles. Nvh issues related to the addition of new electrical devices, gear whine, and vehicle resonances increase the number of nvh areas to be tested. It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors p.
This report provides a nontechnical summary of the latest information on electric road vehicles in europe, including those with hybrid technologies. Types of electric cars available in 2019 energysage. Structures of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle weaknesses of series hybrid vehicles. Types of electric motors electric motors dc motors other motors h ac motors s unt motor. Only bevs are capable of charging on a level 3, dc fast charge. A comprehensive study of key electric vehicle ev components. Only bevs are capable of charging on a level 3, dc fast. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for currentgeneration automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural. Other technologies such as vehicle to grid, vehicle to home, solar charging of electric vehicle, etc.
Bevs, or battery electric vehicles, phevs of plugin hybrid electric vehicles, and hevs, or hybrid electric vehicles. Pdf comparative study of using different electric motors in. What is the difference between an electric vehicle and a hybrid. Electric motors use energy more efficiently than do gasoline engines or diesel engines. Types of electric motors electric motors dc motors other motors h ac motors s unt motor separately excited induction motor stepper motor motor brushlessdc motor series motor hysteresis motor permanent magnet dc pmdc synchronous motor reluctance motor compounded motor universal motor. The rotor and stator are each connected from a different power supply, this gives another degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt. Plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs battery electric vehicles bevs evs available in australia. There are three main types of electric vehicles evs, classed by the degree that electricity is used as their energy source. There are four types of electric vehicles, and while each has advantages and disadvantages, they all save on fuel and emit fewer greenhouse gas emissions than vehicles that burn fossil fuels only. Analyzing these types of electric vehicles presented above, according to the studies of 4, 5, 6 an approximate cost for one kwh energy is between 255 nissan leaf and 388 vw egolf, cost calculated at a battery value of 25 % from the total vehicle amount. However, this particular one still stood far behind the term of a practical vehicle. For simplicity, this continuum separates the options into four basic types of vehicles.
Evs also known as plugin electric vehicles derive all or part of their power from electricity supplied by the electric grid. Batteries for electric cars 3 to coexist for some time as technologies evolve and intellectualproperty ownership gets sorted out. Aevs allelectric vehicles are powered by one or more electric motors. Hybrid cars are currently those most commonly found on the roads, even though the fully electric vehicle is very much in the public eye. Battery electric vehicle bev, plugin hybrid electric. Lead acid batteries have seen used in conventional petroleum driven vehicles and are relatively inexpensive. Two types of electric motors are used in electric vehicles to provide power to the wheels. Evgo charging stations power all current electric vehicle ev models capable of taking a 50kw level 3 dc fast charge. An electric car, also known as an electric vehicle ev, is any vehicle that derives some or all of its power from electricity. Electricdrive vehicles alternative fuels data center energy. Unsure about the different types of electric vehicles.
The most common type of hybrid vehicle is the gasolineelectric hybrid. The rechargeable hybrid, a relatively recent development, is a compromise that could win over a great many drivers. Paper open access related content comparison of different. A comparison of electric vehicles and conventional. Here we are presenting a document electric vehicle pdf that explains the basics of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles ev, including battery electric vehicle bev. The electric energy is generated by the cars own braking system to recharge the battery. A gasoline electric hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. This is distinct from hybrid electric vehicles hevs, which supplement an internal combustion engine with. Allelectric, plugin hybrid, conventional hybrid it can be hard to know which is which. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Hybrid electrical vehicles introduction a hybrid electric vehicle hev has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. The electric energy is generated by the cars own braking.
Also, the availability of electric cars sold in china, the worlds largest electric vehicle market, is mostly excluded. Various technologies can be applied to electric vehicles. Different types of electric vehicle transport energy. Evs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface.
Challenges and opportunities for electric vehicle adoption. Meanwhile, all oems and suppliers will have to manage the. The design of the car includes nontraditional vehicle components which are designed to convert wasted. An electric vehicle ev is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internalcombustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Also a comparison is made between passenger vehicles powered by petrol or diesel and a few battery electric vehicles that will be introduced the coming years. There are three main types of evs classified by the electrification degree 2, including hybrid electric vehicles hevs, plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs and battery electric vehicles. Hybrid and electric vehicles present nvh testing challenges due to vehicle complexity and potential for problems with electrical isolation. The total fuel efficiency during the cycle process in alair electric vehicles evs can be. The throttle position and the break is the input to the control system. This is a list of production electric cars, classified by type of vehicle according to its speed capabilities. Any player that succeeds in breaking some of the inherent compromises among current technologies will gain a significant advantage in the marketplace. Comparative study of using different electric motors in the electric vehicles. Pdf comparative study of using different electric motors. In forecasting the market for batter ies, we assumed that 26 percent of the new cars sold in 2020or some 14 million carswill have electric or hybrid power trains.